Thanks for the quick replies, guys.
I followed @TheLumberjack 's instructions and I was able to connect using the insecure HTTPS reserved zrok share! I was able to have video call with myself between laptop (hosting the self-hosted Jitsi) and my phone (from a browser and also using the Jitsi app). The conversation was one-sided... But it worked!
I'm not sure of the implications of the other ports as mentioned by @qrkourier. The Jitsi docker compose file does expose a few ports to the host, namely,
$HTTP_PORT
TCP (8000)$HTTPS_PORT
TCP (8433)$JICOFO_REST_PORT
TCP (8888)$JVB_COLIBRI_PORT
TCP (8080)$JVB_PORT
UDP (10000)
Perhaps those other ports (22, 3478, 5349) are required for the different components to speak to each other, i.e. internal, but don't need to exposed externally.
Jocifi and JVB are for some other features like recording video I think, etc. I'll have another look tomorrow.